Atomic number: 17
Standard atomic weight: 35.4527
Symbol: Cl
Group number: 17
chlorine
General information
Standard state: gas
Colour: yellowish green
Discoveror: Carl William Scheele
Date discovered: 1774
Discovered at: Sweden
Meaning of name: Gr. chloros, greenish yellow
Radii /pm
Atomic: 99.4
van der Waals: 175
Covalent: 99
Metallic:
Valence shell orbital Rmax
s: 68.2
p: 76.1
d:
f:
Ionic radii
Ion Coordination number and geometry
4(tet) 4(sq pl) 6(oct,ls) 6(oct,hs) 8 Pauling
M(-III)
M(-II)
M(-I) 167 181
M(I) 49
M(II) 77
M(III)
M(IV) 55 69
M(V) 68 59
M(VI)
M(VII) 22 41 26
M(VIII) 26
Electronegativities
Pauling: 3.16
Sanderson: 3.28
Allred Rochow: 2.83
Effective nuclear charge
Slater: 6.1
Clementi: 6.12
Froese-Fischer: 6.79
Bond enthalpies /KJ per mol
Single bond enthalpies
M-F 142
M-Cl 240
M-Br 216
M-I 208
M-M Diatomics bond enthalpies in MM and MX
MM X X X
242.933 N O 272 F 256.3
P 289 S Cl 242.933
As 448 Se 322 Br 218.8
Sb Te I 211.3
Bi 301
Temperatures /K
melting: 172.2
boiling: 238.6
critical: 417
Debye:
superconduction:
m.p. hydride: 158.35
b.p. hydride: 188.25
m.p. fluoride: 119.15
Enthalpies /kJ per mol
fusion: 6.41
vaporisation: 20.42
atomisation: 121.7
bond: 242.933
Ionization enthalpies /kJ per mol
1st 1251.1
2nd 2297
3rd 3822
4th 5158
5th 6540
6th 9362
7th 11018
8th 33605
9th 38598
10th 43962
11th 51067
12th 57118
13th 63362
14th 72340
15th 78096
16th 352991
17th 380757
Isotopic abundances
In the below list, the first number is the nominal mass number, the second the percentage abundance of that isotope, and the third is the accurate mass for that isotope.
35 75.77 34.968852
36 0 35.968306
37 24.23 36.965903
WebElements version 1.1.1