Atomic number: 35
Standard atomic weight: 79.904
Symbol: Br
Group number: 17
bromine
General information
Standard state: liquid
Colour: brown, metallic lustre
Discoveror: Antoine J. Balard
Date discovered: 1826
Discovered at: France
Meaning of name: Gr. bromos, stench
Radii /pm
Atomic: 114.5
van der Waals: 185
Covalent: 114
Metallic:
Valence shell orbital Rmax
s: 77.2
p: 89.1
d: 22.9
f:
Ionic radii
Ion Coordination number and geometry
4(tet) 4(sq pl) 6(oct,ls) 6(oct,hs) 8 Pauling
M(-III)
M(-II)
M(-I)
M(I) 166 175 62
M(II)
M(III)
M(IV) 79
M(V) 78 70
M(VI)
M(VII)
M(VIII)
Electronegativities
Pauling: 2.96
Sanderson: 2.96
Allred Rochow: 2.74
Effective nuclear charge
Slater: 7.6
Clementi: 9.03
Froese-Fischer: 10.89
Bond enthalpies /KJ per mol
Single bond enthalpies
M-F 187
M-Cl 216
M-Br 190
M-I 175
M-M Diatomics bond enthalpies in MM and MX
MM X X X
193.857 N 276 O 235.1 F 250.2
P S Cl 218.8
As Se 297 Br 193.857
Sb Te I 179.1
Bi 267.4
Temperatures /K
melting: 265.9
boiling: 331.9
critical: 584
Debye:
superconduction:
m.p. hydride: 184.65
b.p. hydride: 206.15
m.p. fluoride: 240.15
Enthalpies /kJ per mol
fusion: 10.8
vaporisation: 30.5
atomisation: 111.9
bond: 193.857
Ionization enthalpies /kJ per mol
1st 1139.9
2nd 2100
3rd 3500
4th 4560
5th 5760
6th 8550
7th 9938
8th 18600
Isotopic abundances
In the below list, the first number is the nominal mass number, the second the percentage abundance of that isotope, and the third is the accurate mass for that isotope.
77 0 76.921378
78 0
79 50.69 78.918336
80 0
81 49.31 80.916269
82 0 81.914802
WebElements version 1.1.1